An important function of clothing is to serve as a signifier of social identity, including gender, and that is likelThe second half of the century was a time of prosperity in Europe. Despite wars, the upper classes dressed fashionably and women would prance about in their "walkingdress.htm". Men's styles remained sombre, dignified, and slowly changing. The ladies fashions were changing ever faster. The technical advances and the capability for mass manufacturing were making fashionable dress available to a rapidly expanding middle class. The invention of the sewing machine and the development of the ready-to-wear trade, new marketing techniques, and the establishment of department stores were revolutionizing the fashion industry.
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