Around the turn of the 19th century, mental illness was seen as a "disease of the brain". People believed that patients chose to be irrational. Each doctor had there own diagnosis depending on the mental and physical disease. Origins of mental disorder were securely located within the individual in the internal imbalance.
It was believed that those stricken with mental illness had chosen a mindset which had made them vulnerable to the mental illness. Many of the common medical treatments of the time were unpleasant, forms of torrcher in hopes to discourage patients from their choice of irrationality. These treatments included restraints, harsh drugs, cold plunge baths even a ducking chair, bleeding, intimidation, cupping glasses, an
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