There have always been a variety of family forms in Japan, but the model held as an ideal throughout most of the 20th century has been the agricultural household, or ie, The main features of this kind of household were a strict gender-based role division with a patriarchal head and a hierarchy by birth. This kind of household included all people residing in the household, even those not related by blood, thus providing a model for family-style relations extending beyond the family. A third feature of the household was its "stem" family system, in which one child, usually the eldest son, remains in the household to take over the family business and care for his aged parents. The other sons move out and sometimes establish branch households,
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