Standardized tests are tools that measure and are used to predict ability/aptitude and achievement. Standardized test come in two major types, Norm-referenced and Criterion-referenced. Norm referenced tests measure performance relative to all other students taking the same test. Criterion referenced tests measure factual knowledge of a defined body of material. In addition to these two main categories, test can also be divided up into Performance tests and Aptitude tests. Performance tests are assessments of what learning has already occurred in a particular subject area. Aptitude tests are assessments of abilities or skills considered important to future success in school.
Criterion-referenced testing has been increasing in popularity as
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