Manual control may also favor certain fast growing species such as grasses and may change the plant composition of a particular area, which, at the same time, may cause changes in the make-up of the community of natural enemies. Other causes of large changes in plant populations may include the use of herbicides, changes in soil characteristics (e.g., compaction, flooding), sunlight (crop growth), etc.
During the phenological development of the oil palm, it can be seen that as shade conditions increase due to leaf overlapping, ground cover vegetative growth decreases. This situation causes a reduction not only in the number of species but also in the individuals of each species. Many bushy melliferous species slowly disappear with the we
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