Self-handicapping is used by virtually everyone in one-way or another. One may use a self-handicapping strategy when doing homework, a presentation, or some other event or activity. Self-handicapping is a manipulation of a performance that can account for potential failure (Mello-Goldner, Wurf, 1997). This is a means of reducing a threat of negative impression or feedback from a performance in front of an audience. Therefore, if the person who self-handicapped performs better than expected then their success is even more impressive and their self-esteem is raised.
One of the variables that would most likely increase the usage of self-handicapping is the presence of an audience compared to private situations. This is because the audi
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